Have you ever wondered what a Civil War soldier really looked like? When you read about their actions, whether in fiction or non-fiction, can you picture the characters themselves? Here's your chance to meet fifty soldiers of the Roundhead Regiment (100th Pensylvania Volunteer Infantry). These are their photographs--some taken for use on a carte de visite, others posed in civilian clothes for their families.

 The file listed below is a compilation of Roundhead Soldier Images from the James C. Stevenson Collection that David Welch researched recently after attending the Roundhead Reunion in Darlington, PA. The images were compiled into MS Powerpoint and then .pdf'ed. Most of the images here are soldiers from Co. E and K.  

Readers of "A Scratch with the Rebels" and "Beyond All Price" will recognize several of these men: Geordy Leasure, who sesrved as an aide to his father, Col. Daniel Leasure, first commander of the Roundheads; James C. Stephenson, quoted several times; Dr. Horace Ludington; and perhaps others.

"The Camp Kettle" was a four-page newspaper published with on-and-off regularity by members of the 100th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment, known as "The Roundheads" because of their Calvinist background and their alleged descent from Oliver Cromwell's own troops.

 

When they established the little paper, they had set out their purpose:

 

 

One hundred fifty years ago,the regiment was camped on the outskirts of Beaufort, SC, and they were finding that they had relatively little to do.  The conversation was of confrontation to come, not current skirmishes. Things were so peaceful, in fact, that family members were able to travel to Beaufort to visit their enlisted relatives. The Camp Kettle for one week in January carried this announcement:

 

 

 

In January, 1862, the Roundheads were stationed in and around Beaufort, SC, charged with guarding the perimeter of the island.  For the most part, they were bored with inactivity, but they had had one bright spot on New Year's Day, when they successfully captured the Coosaw River Ferry, which gave them access to a vital Confederate railroad line.  On the 15th, they were still re-telling that story.

 

General Isaac I. Stevens ordered Col. Leasure to take his men ten miles across the island from Beaufort to a spot where a rope ferry across the Coosaw River connected Port Royal Island to Pocotaligo, a station on the Charleston and Savannah Railroad.There they were to help storm the enemy fort on the mainland and then build a "bridge on boats" across the channel. This cover illustration is an early photograph of the Coosaw River crossing being guarded by three Roundheads.

The companies were split up. Companies E and H remained behind to protect Beaufort; B and C were sent ahead to Seabrook on the west side of the island to join the 79th New York; A, G, I, and M formed the storming party; F went ahead to relieve the 50th Pennsylvania at the crossroads; and D and K were charged with constructing the bridge. Several gunboats were on hand to fire on the batteries across from Seabrook and then transport the troops across the channel to seize the works and capture the munitions.

 

   Lieutenant William St. G. Elliott of the 79th New York commanded the troops who challenged the fort. His report indicated that he began to take his men across the marsh on flatboats at 8:00 A.M.; by 10:30 the rebels had abandoned the works. James McCaskey's company (Company C) participated in the embarkation but missed the action because Lt. Elliott determined that the Roundheads' presence was unnecessary and ordered them not to disembark. Although one Union soldier died and ten others were wounded in the first assault, the fighting was over before Company C could get off the boat 

 

The battle of Port Royal Ferry did not last long; the enemy retreated without firing a shot. The next day there was only a small exchange of gunfire. Col. Leasure was happy to report, "The Roundheads were first into the fort, and our flag first floated over the ramparts of the first stronghold on the mainland of South Carolina captured from the enemy . . . We are all safe . . . My men behaved nobly . . . When we returned to the fort to cross the Ferry, one of the marines who was standing there, remarked we were the coolest set of men he ever saw."

 

In fact, this had been only a minor skirmish, with few, if any, long-range results. The Camp Kettle dismissed it thus:

 

 

Read more about this in A Scratch with the Rebels. The e-book is available at http://www.amazon.com/Scratch-Rebels-ebook/dp/B0021AEHJ

Here's a story that almost made it into my upcoming book about Laura Towne and the Port Royal Experiment. It illustrates an important characteristic of the 100th Pennsylvania Regiment, subject of  "A Scratch with the Rebels."

   Rev. Solomon Peck was the first of the missionaries to arrive in Beaufort after the Battle of Port Royal.  He set up a schoolroom in the house to which he had been assigned, and sought his first pupils among the black street urchins who seemed to be running wild in the city.

   Within days he managed to meet Colonel Daniel Leasure, commander of Pennsylvania’s Roundhead Regiment. Peck had heard of a godly regiment in the area, and he was most curious to see if the rumors were true.  He made his way down Bay Street one morning to the Leverett House, where the Roundheads had their headquarters. Colonel Leasure welcomed his arrival and invited him to preach to the regiment.

   “It’s almost Christmas, and we find ourselves without the services of a chaplain,” Leasure explained. “Our own Reverend Robert Audley Browne lies dangerously ill with the swamp fever he contracted at Hilton Head.  Our men have been used to hearing frequent sermons, and they miss him. Would you be willing to fill in?”

    “I would be delighted, Colonel. But tell me, are your Roundheads really as godly as they are reported to be?”

   “They are, indeed.  They come from sturdy Scotch-Irish and Huguenot stock,  Many of them claim direct descent from the Scotch Covenanters who once fought under Cromwell.  They have been raised in staunchly religious frontier families. They have a strong Presbyterian faith and almost all believe in the cause of the abolitionists. They believe in equality and will fight for anyone whose liberty is challenged. They have a reputation for being the best-behaved regiment in the army.  I am justifiably proud of them.”

   “Where could we hold a church service?” Peck asked.

   “Oh, the men have already taken care of that.  They cleaned up the local Presbyterian Church just down the street.  It’s not quite big enough for us all, but my soldiers do not object to a bit of crowding.  After the tight quarters on the transport ships that brought us here, they adapt easily.”

   “I look forward to meeting some of them on Sunday.”

   “You’ll meet all of them,” Colonel Leasure promised.

   True to his word, Leasure led over nine hundred men to the local Presbyterian church that morning, overflowing the sanctuary and overhanging balconies. They prayed fervently, sang enthusiastically, and drank in the new minister’s words.  At the end of the service, Leasure asked for a moment to speak to his men. 

   “I’m sure we are all grateful to have Reverend Peck among us. Should we try to hold a second service this afternoon? Let’s see the hands of everyone who would like to come back around three o’clock.” To a man, they raised their hands. 

   Peck was overwhelmed.  Surely, he thought, with this kind of fervor, the Northern mission in South Carolina could be a success.

On a muddy South Carolina battlefield, a sergeant sat propped up against a hedge and tried to focus on the spot where he thought his leg should be. There was nothing – only the tattered remains of his trousers and a pool of blood that grew ever larger. The whistle of artillery shells had stopped, and the sudden quiet was as jarring as the previous battle noises had been. Shock had deadened the pain, so that all he felt was exhaustion as he closed his eyes. Sgt. James McCaskey had fought and lost his only battle. 

"From behind a hedge on that battlefield, a young private picked his way through the bodies, following orders to gather up the abandoned weapons and tend to the wounded. Pvt. Augustine T. Smythe was stunned by the mayhem that met his eyes, particularly the sight of a soldier who lay with his leg shot entirely away. He whispered a silent prayer, as was fitting for the son of a Presbyterian minister, that he would never again have to witness such horrors. 

"The Battle of Secessionville, fought out in the early hours of June 16, 1862, on James Island, South Carolina, brought these two young men together for a single moment. But the events of the Civil War had been drawing them together for almost a year. James and Gus were approximately the same age. Both were first-generation Americans, the sons of Scotch-Irish immigrants to the United States. Both stood firm in their Presbyterian faith, and both believed passionately in the cause of their countries. Both wanted to enlist from the day the first shot was fired at Fort Sumter; both had to spend months persuading their parents to allow them to join the army. They set out for their first battle on the same day – November 7, 1861-- and both missed the action by arriving too late. Both chafed at enforced inaction and longed to get into a real battle. Each of their Scotch-Irish mothers might have warned her son to be careful for what he wished. 

They were just two soldiers, alike in many ways but different in the one trait that mattered on that battlefield. One was North; the other, South. Sgt. James McCaskey belonged to the 100th Pennsylvania Regiment, known to their comrades as “The Roundheads.” They came from the farms of western Pennsylvania, determined to defend for all men the Calvinist principles they most valued – self-reliance, industriousness, and liberty. Gus Smythe served in the Washington Light Infantry, part of the 24th South Carolina Volunteers. He was a college student from a well-to-do Charleston family and an ardent supporter of the Confederate right to secede from a political union that did not serve the needs of its people. This is the story of how they came to their opposing positions, and how the Battle of Secessionville altered not only their own lives, but the lives of all those who shared their experiences. 

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